The Liverpool forward struck early in the second half for his national side, led by captain Virgil van Dijk, with Ryan Gravenberch as an unused substitute, in a spirited 3-2 defeat to Austria in Berlin.
The Dutch fell behind in the sixth minute due to an own goal by Donyell Malen, but Gakpo equalized with his second goal of the tournament. He received a pass on the left flank, evaded a defender, and elegantly bent the ball into the far corner of the net.
Austria regained the lead just before the hour mark as Romano Schmid nodded in a cross that deflected off Stefan de Vrij.
The Netherlands drew level once more when Memphis Depay controlled a header and delicately chipped the ball into the goal.
However, Austria snatched victory with Marcel Sabitzer blasting in a shot from a narrow angle, securing top spot in the group and relegating the Dutch to third place.
Meanwhile, in another Group match, Liverpool’s defender Ibrahima Konate watched from the bench as France drew 1-1 with Poland in Dortmund, where Kylian Mbappe and Robert Lewandowski each converted penalties.
France finished second in the group and will face the runners-up from Group E on July 1.
As one of the top third-place finishers, the Netherlands now await their Round of 16 opponents following the upcoming draw.